Merrigan et al. (2010) reported results that are similar MSM in three states in Nigeria 52. Another study that is recent Nigeria among MSM whom involved in transactional intercourse, revealed that MSM aged 25 years and above had been four times almost certainly going to be HIV good compared to those aged 15–19 years 53. But, our findings are as opposed to those reported by Beyrer et al. (2012) and (2016) which indicated that more youthful MSM had greater burden of HIV 1, 54. A plausible description for the choosing is the older MSM have experienced extended experience of HIV through greater wide range of intimate lovers, doing transactional intercourse and greater contact with anal sex that is unprotected. Additionally, MSM sampled this year and 2014 had been more prone to be HIV positive in comparison to those in 2007 and also this further supports our argument that the exposure that is prolonged higher danger behaviours will be the reason for higher HIV prevalence among older MSM. Young MSM aged 16–19 years are going to continue to have parental help and hence, there’s less socioeconomic force to take part in high-risk sexual methods such as for example transactional intercourse. In addition, their intimate sites revolve around their peers in the place of intergenerational intimate lovers and also this limits their experience of older HIV contaminated MSM.

There clearly was an increase that is significant the percentage of MSM whom reported making love with feminine partners between 2007 and 2014. This is really a bridge that is potential MSM additionally the basic populace and so merits conversation due to the fact gains in reduced total of HIV prevalence on the list of basic populace can be eroded by bisexual sex among MSM. The rise in bisexuality may mirror the hostility that is increasing stigma and criminalization of MSM in Nigeria. Schwartz et al. (2015) evaluated the immediate outcomes of the same-sex wedding prohibition work in Nigeria and reported a statistically significant boost in percentage of MSM who had feminine lovers after the legislation ended up being passed away in comparison to the pre-law period 13. This coping apparatus towards the stigma that is high criminalization of MSM might also adversely influence their usage of key populace friendly clinics because they continue steadily to conceal their identity also to health care employees.

Some limitations are had by this study. The absence of a potential research team plus the usage of cross-sectional surveys from unmatched cohort limitations the energy of our research and so requires care within the interpretation regarding the information. There could be dependence that is potential information from various rounds of IBBSS that might overestimate HIV prevalence if a substantial amount of positives from past rounds had been recruited into subsequent rounds or an underestimation of HIV prevalence is a substantial wide range of HIV negative MSM were targeted and recruited in subsequent rounds. Future studies ought to include a adjustable to simply help recognize those who work in past rounds and their HIV status at that round to permit an even more estimation that is robust of among MSM. Information on HIV prevention programs and therapy protection within the research states had not been available and therefore could never be taken into account in our research to measure the impacts independently of the programs within the research result. In addition, information on therapy protection may help give an explanation for increase that is observed therapy protection had been examined become low. Another limitation is of social desirability bias on intimate danger behaviours as information had been self-reported, but the greater upsurge in constant condom usage during transactional intercourse in comparison to non-transactional is related to that observed among female intercourse employees 54 and shows that risks behaviors captured within these studies might have been under-reported offered the increase of STIs and HIV observed. Moreover, studies on biological validation of non-safe sex among feminine intercourse workers have indicated over-reporting that is significant of sex 55 and future studies must look into biological validation of protected intercourse among MSM to raised characterize risk behaviours medication usage especially usage of methamphetamine 1 happens to be connected with HIV among MSM, nonetheless, there clearly was no information on medication usage among MSM in most three rounds regarding the study. Further research is needed to figure out the relationship of medication usage and HIV among MSM in Nigeria. Finally, not totally all clients chosen an HIV make sure the percentage of refusal ranged from 10 to 16per cent. Although the status of the whom rejected an HIV test is not thought, individuals who declined to go for an HIV test might have done this due to past knowledge of HIV infection and thus prevalence of HIV was underestimated when you look at the present research and later biases the noticed trend in HIV prevalence.

Conclusions

In summary, this the study that is first assess the trend of HIV prevalence among MSM in Nigeria so we report an amount of key findings. Like in other climes, HIV prevalence among MSM in Nigeria is for an alarming development with a general enhance of 10% point each year over 7 years. No state is spared, and avoidance packages must certanly be holistic and include the employment of methods aided by the strongest proof of greatest effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission; very very very early remedy for partners, 2, 56 condoms 32, 57 and oral preexposure prophylaxis 58. Finally, the HIV epidemic among MSM in Nigeria is serious and obviously, is amongst the defining challenges ahead, and possibly the absolute most critical space in the nationwide HIV avoidance system to regulate the HIV epidemic in Nigeria.

Option of information and materials

Data can be obtained under reasonable demand through the corresponding author.